中欧观察｜若真想解决中欧贸易“失衡”，欧洲可以试试这四点

Core Viewpoint - China's trade surplus reached a historical high of $1.08 trillion (approximately 7.59 trillion RMB) in the first 11 months before 2025, with the EU's trade deficit with China being a significant concern for Europe, prompting calls for a rebalancing of trade relations [1] Group 1: Misconceptions about EU-China Trade Imbalance - Many Europeans believe that the trade imbalance is primarily due to China's overproduction, leading to excess goods being sold abroad, which is a common phenomenon in global trade [2][3] - The concept of "overcapacity" is misapplied in international trade discussions, as it typically pertains to domestic markets rather than global markets [3] - The EU has issued reports labeling China as a non-market economy, claiming that government interventions lead to lower prices for Chinese goods, which is seen as unfair competition [4] Group 2: Factors Contributing to China's Trade Surplus - China's position as a global manufacturing hub is a key reason for its trade surplus, with its industrial capabilities accounting for about 30% of global production [7][9] - The development of advanced infrastructure in China has significantly reduced production and logistics costs, enhancing the competitiveness of Chinese products [9] - Cultural factors, such as a strong work ethic and efficiency among Chinese workers, contribute to the lower production costs and higher competitiveness of Chinese goods [10][11] Group 3: Potential Solutions for Trade Imbalance - To address the trade deficit, Europe may need to innovate and re-industrialize to enhance its competitiveness against Chinese products [13] - Improving the business environment for Chinese investments in Europe could help balance trade by promoting local production of goods that are currently imported from China [14] - A deeper integration of supply chains between China and Europe could mitigate risks and enhance mutual benefits, transforming competition into collaboration [15]