空气质量标准修订收严PM2.5浓度限值，生态环境部解读

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has released a draft for revised air quality standards, tightening limits on pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2, which may impact economic and social development, but the overall benefits for public health and economic growth are emphasized [1][4]. Group 1: Air Quality Improvement - Over the past decade, the average PM2.5 concentration in China has decreased by 36%, with heavy pollution days reduced by 68%, while GDP has increased by 63% and the number of vehicles has grown by 111% [2]. - The revised standards aim to transition from total pollutant emission control to air quality improvement, from single pollutant control to multi-pollutant management, and from local to regional pollution control [2][4]. Group 2: Implementation Phases - The revised air quality standards will be implemented in two phases: the first phase (2026-2030) will set PM2.5 annual and daily limits at 30 µg/m³ and 60 µg/m³, respectively; the second phase (from 2031) will further tighten these limits to 25 µg/m³ and 50 µg/m³ [3]. - The phased approach is designed to minimize the impact on economic and social stability while ensuring a smooth transition to stricter standards [3]. Group 3: Long-term Benefits - Stricter standards are expected to further reduce PM2.5 levels, improve air quality, decrease the incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and enhance public health and well-being [4]. - The revisions are anticipated to foster the development of new production capacities in electric vehicles and clean energy, promote advanced processes in industries such as metallurgy and petrochemicals, and drive a green and low-carbon transition in various sectors [4]. Group 4: National Context - The formulation of air quality standards must consider national conditions and not simply adopt the strictest international levels; it should reflect China's unique energy structure and economic development stage [5][6]. - China's reliance on coal and its status as a manufacturing powerhouse necessitate a balanced approach to pollution control, with PM2.5 limits expected to align with those of developed countries as the economy matures [6].