“超越谷歌，中国在量子纠错领域取得重大突破”

Core Viewpoint - A Chinese research team has made a significant breakthrough in quantum error correction, marking a key step in the global race to develop practical quantum computers, becoming the second team worldwide to achieve this milestone after Google, and surpassing Google in efficiency [1][5]. Group 1: Breakthrough Details - The Chinese team, led by Academician Pan Jianwei, successfully crossed the "fault-tolerant threshold" using the superconducting quantum processor "Zuchongzhi 3.2," which is crucial for the stable operation of quantum computers at scale [1][4]. - The concept of the "fault-tolerant threshold" is essential as it determines whether error correction can enhance system stability; below this threshold, error correction can introduce more errors than it eliminates [4][5]. - The team utilized a microwave-based control method that does not significantly increase hardware complexity, contrasting with Google's approach that relies on additional hardware to suppress errors [1][5]. Group 2: Technical Achievements - The Chinese team achieved a logical qubit with a code distance of 7, demonstrating that as the system scales, the overall error rate decreases, with an error suppression factor of 1.4, indicating operation below the fault-tolerant threshold [5]. - This achievement suggests a more flexible and scalable technical route, potentially paving the way for quantum computers to reach tens of thousands or even millions of qubits [5]. Group 3: Industry Context - Quantum computers differ from traditional computers by utilizing quantum physics principles, theoretically capable of performing complex tasks in a fraction of the time required by classical computers [3]. - The field of quantum computing has faced significant challenges due to the instability of qubits, which are highly sensitive to environmental disturbances, making errors almost inevitable during operation [3][4].