美国惊讶！中国恢复稀土出口，但一个关键限制，让美方有苦说不出

Core Viewpoint - Despite an agreement between China and the U.S. to resume the export of rare earth products, China still imposes restrictions on certain critical rare earth elements, impacting U.S. companies' access to essential materials like dysprosium and its oxides [1][5]. Group 1: Impact of China's Restrictions - China's limitations on the export of key rare earth elements directly affect U.S. capabilities to produce high-performance magnets, which are crucial for defense and high-end manufacturing sectors [3][6]. - The U.S. relies on imported finished rare earth magnets, which contain processed dysprosium, but cannot import dysprosium itself due to Chinese restrictions [5][10]. - Without access to high-purity dysprosium or its oxides, the U.S. struggles to produce advanced magnets domestically, hindering its ability to establish a self-sufficient rare earth supply chain [6][10]. Group 2: U.S. Industry Challenges - The U.S. aims to develop a complete rare earth industry chain, from mining to metal refining and magnet production, but faces significant challenges due to the lack of access to critical raw materials [8][12]. - Even with mining operations underway, the U.S. lacks the necessary separation technology and capacity to obtain high-purity dysprosium, making it difficult to achieve independence from Chinese supplies [10][12]. - The inability to secure essential raw materials means that the U.S. can only import finished products, akin to receiving "bread" without the ability to produce the "flour" and "yeast" needed for self-sufficiency [10][12].