求是网文章：“内卷式”竞争形成的复杂原因

Group 1: Core Issues of "Involution" Competition - "Involution" competition distorts market mechanisms and hinders innovation, leading to inefficient resource allocation and a lack of dynamic balance between supply and demand [1] - The imbalance between supply and demand is a fundamental cause of "involution" competition, with China's manufacturing capacity outpacing domestic effective demand, as evidenced by a 2.9% year-on-year growth in retail sales and a 1.7% decline in fixed asset investment [1] - Insufficient innovation is a deep-rooted cause of "involution" competition, with many companies relying on price competition due to market saturation and limited new market space, leading to intensified internal competition [2] Group 2: Role of Platform Economy - Platform-driven business models exacerbate "involution" competition, as leading platforms monopolize data and algorithms, shifting competition from product innovation to traffic-driven strategies [3] - The reliance on platforms leads to increased costs and diluted profits for merchants, while many small businesses become "digital vassals," limiting their differentiation capabilities [3] Group 3: Government Influence - Government overreach and neglect contribute to "involution" competition, with local governments pursuing short-term economic growth through protectionism and irrational industrial layouts, resulting in overcapacity in certain industries [4] - Inadequate regulatory frameworks and a lack of understanding of new technologies hinder the correction of disorderly competition in various sectors [4]