【人民日报】科学有答案 创新无止境——八位院士眼中的二〇二五

Core Insights - China's technological innovation is expanding into various fields, including quantum technology and lunar research, with significant breakthroughs expected by 2025 [4][6] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the importance of technology and innovation, highlighting a commitment to advancing scientific research and applications [4] - The development of deep space exploration and quantum computing is seen as crucial for China's strategic technological autonomy and future economic growth [8][17] Group 1: Deep Space Exploration - Major breakthroughs in lunar research are anticipated, including the discovery of new mineral types from samples returned by the Chang'e 6 mission, which will enhance understanding of lunar oxidation mechanisms [5] - The Tianwen-2 probe is set to conduct close-range exploration of a near-Earth asteroid, with sample return expected by the end of 2027 [5] - Future projects include the construction of a lunar research station, manned lunar missions, and exploration of Mars and Jupiter, aiming to enhance capabilities in deep space science and resource utilization [5][6] Group 2: Quantum Computing - Quantum computing is identified as a key technology for future strategic autonomy, requiring advancements in hardware and software integration [8] - China's third-generation superconducting quantum computer, "Benyuan Wukong," has been successfully deployed, participating in numerous collaborations across various sectors [9] - The development of quantum computing is likened to building a rocket, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach from hardware to software [8] Group 3: Brain-Computer Interfaces - Brain-computer interface technology is evolving to connect biological and machine intelligence, with advancements in decoding and encoding neural signals [10] - Clinical applications of brain-computer interfaces are emerging, with significant progress in invasive and non-invasive technologies [12] - The technology aims to redefine the boundaries of intelligence by integrating carbon-based and silicon-based systems [11] Group 4: Hydrogen Energy - Hydrogen energy is positioned as a vital component of the renewable energy revolution, complementing electricity and addressing sustainability challenges [17] - The development of hydrogen fuel cells is expanding into various sectors, including transportation and machinery, with China making significant strides in related technologies [18] - The strategic importance of hydrogen energy is underscored by its potential to facilitate a low-carbon energy transition [17] Group 5: Talent Development in Research - The cultivation of research talent is critical for supporting high-level technological independence, with a focus on aligning educational programs with national strategic needs [20] - Young researchers are increasingly prominent in key national projects, indicating a shift towards a younger demographic in scientific achievements [21] - A supportive environment for basic research is essential, requiring stable funding and a culture that encourages innovation and tolerates failure [22][23]