黄金价格突破4500美元，再创新高背后的驱动逻辑

Core Viewpoint - The recent surge in gold prices, reaching a historical high of over $4,500 per ounce, is driven by multiple factors including the U.S. monetary policy shift towards easing, declining inflation, and increased demand from central banks and ETFs [1][6][10]. Group 1: Drivers of Gold Price Increase - The primary driver of the recent gold price increase is the adjustment in global monetary policy, particularly the U.S. Federal Reserve's decision to lower interest rates three times in 2025, each by 25 basis points, and to initiate short-term Treasury bond purchases [6][7]. - The expectation of continued rate cuts in 2026, as indicated by the Fed's forward guidance, has reduced the opportunity cost of holding gold, prompting a shift of capital from traditional assets to gold [7][8]. - The current U.S. inflation rate is around 3%, and with weak non-farm employment data, there is a strong expectation for further monetary easing, which is supportive of gold prices [7][9]. Group 2: Weakening Dollar and Its Impact - The U.S. dollar is facing challenges that are undermining its credit foundation, leading to a decline in investor confidence in the dollar system and pushing it into a depreciation phase [10]. - As a result, gold's value as a safe-haven asset is being fully realized, attracting global capital allocation towards gold as an alternative to the weakening dollar [10]. Group 3: Central Bank Demand - Central banks globally are increasing their gold reserves, which has become a significant support for rising gold prices. This trend is characterized by large-scale and sustained purchases of gold [13][16]. - As of November 2025, China's gold reserves reached 7.412 million ounces, with a continuous increase for 13 months, reflecting a broader trend among central banks to enhance the proportion of gold in their reserve assets [13][16]. - The World Gold Council reported a net purchase of 53 tons of gold by central banks in October, marking a 36% increase month-over-month and setting a record for the year [13][16].