“共抓大保护”的五年：筑牢长江上游生态安全屏障的“昭通答卷”

Core Viewpoint - The government of Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, prioritizes ecological environment protection and governance as a key political responsibility and a major livelihood project, emphasizing "coordinated major protection, not major development" since the 14th Five-Year Plan [1][3][13]. Group 1: Political Responsibility and Organizational Structure - Zhaotong City has integrated ecological safety into its strategic framework, establishing it as one of the "three bottom lines" and a key component of the "six major strategies" [3][16]. - A leadership group for ecological civilization construction has been formed, co-chaired by the main leaders of the municipal party and government [3][16]. - The city has created a collaborative work structure involving party leadership, government responsibility, departmental implementation, social cooperation, and public participation [3][16]. Group 2: Policy Implementation and Regulatory Framework - Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, Zhaotong has issued several key documents and local regulations to clarify the ecological environment protection work, including the "Implementation Opinions on Striving to be a Leader in Ecological Protection and Restoration" [4][17]. - The city has developed specific plans for ecological environment protection and has implemented local laws such as the "Dust Pollution Prevention Regulations" and "Rural Cleanliness Regulations" [4][17]. Group 3: Pollution Control and Environmental Quality - Zhaotong has focused on pollution control, achieving a continuous air quality excellent rate of over 99% in the central urban area for four consecutive years, with no heavy pollution weather reported [8][18]. - The water quality of the red water river has maintained a stable Class II standard, with the surface water quality compliance rate increasing from 89.7% at the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan to 100% [21][20]. - The city has implemented comprehensive measures for soil pollution control, achieving a 100% rate for the safe utilization of key construction land and the harmless disposal of urban medical waste [21][22]. Group 4: Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration - Zhaotong has designated 22.86% of its land area as ecological protection red lines and has established three priority areas for biodiversity protection [26]. - The city has successfully increased the number of fish species in the red water river from 36 in 2020 to 43 currently, and the population of black-necked cranes has stabilized at around 2,200 [26]. - The city has restored 2.74 million acres of land affected by soil erosion and has completed the removal of 17 small hydropower stations in the red water river basin [26]. Group 5: Economic Development and Green Transformation - Zhaotong is committed to green high-quality development, focusing on ecological industrialization and the integration of ecology and economy [32]. - The city has become a leading area for highland characteristic agriculture, with significant production in apples, medicinal herbs, and bamboo [32]. - The total installed capacity of clean energy in Zhaotong has reached 25.988 million kilowatts, with a clean energy generation capacity accounting for 90.7% [32]. Group 6: Community Engagement and Education - The city has actively engaged in ecological civilization education, incorporating ecological concepts into various public activities and media [31]. - Zhaotong has launched initiatives to address local environmental issues, such as noise and wastewater pollution, through community involvement [22][31].