24小时一到，中方准时开收，卢拉赶紧提醒欧盟：再拖就真来不及了

Core Viewpoint - The EU is facing significant challenges in its trade relations, highlighted by China's imposition of temporary anti-subsidy taxes on EU dairy products and Brazil's threat to withdraw from the EU-Mercosur trade agreement, exposing the EU's internal divisions and external trade policy contradictions [1][27]. Group 1: China's Anti-Subsidy Measures - On December 23, 2025, China began collecting temporary anti-subsidy tax deposits on EU dairy products, with rates ranging from 21.9% to 42.7% [2][12]. - This action followed a year-long anti-subsidy investigation initiated by Chinese dairy associations, targeting the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for exceeding WTO limits and distorting global market prices [5][11]. - The investigation was conducted transparently, with a clear evidence chain leading to the conclusion that EU subsidies caused substantial harm to China's domestic dairy industry [10][11][39]. - The tax rates were determined based on the level of subsidies received by the sampled companies, with non-cooperative firms facing the highest rate of 42.7% [13][12]. Group 2: Brazil's Trade Negotiation Stalemate - Brazilian President Lula expressed frustration over the EU's delay in signing the long-negotiated EU-Mercosur trade agreement, threatening to withdraw from negotiations if no progress is made [17][22]. - The agreement, which would open a market of 770 million people, has faced internal opposition from EU member states like France and Italy, concerned about agricultural impacts [19][28]. - Brazil views the agreement as crucial for its agricultural exports, and the EU's insistence on monitoring mechanisms is perceived as a restriction on actual export volumes [22][24]. Group 3: EU's Internal and External Trade Policy Conflicts - The simultaneous crises with China and Brazil reveal fundamental contradictions in the EU's trade strategy, where internal divisions hinder unified external negotiations [27][28]. - The EU's frequent use of trade remedies against China, including 36 cases in 2025 alone, contrasts with its claims of supporting multilateralism [30][32]. - The EU's reliance on outdated protectionist policies, such as the CAP, is increasingly at odds with the realities of global supply chains, leading to potential retaliatory measures from trading partners [32][41]. Group 4: Future Implications for EU Trade Strategy - The ongoing tensions may force the EU to make structural adjustments, either by reforming its agricultural policies or by offering greater concessions in industrial exports [41][43]. - The current situation underscores the need for the EU to rebuild trust with its trading partners, as unilateral rule-setting is becoming less viable in a multipolar trade environment [43]. - The outcomes of these trade disputes could set precedents for future negotiations in various sectors, including digital taxes and carbon border adjustment mechanisms, where both China and Brazil have shown willingness to respond [43].