科技考古六十年 学科荒原变前沿

Core Viewpoint - The development of carbon-14 dating in China has significantly advanced the field of archaeology, transforming it from a phase of uncertainty to a leading discipline, with ongoing improvements in technology and methodology [10][11][14]. Group 1: Historical Development - The establishment of the first carbon-14 laboratory in China in 1965 marked the beginning of a specialized journey in scientific archaeology [13]. - The introduction of carbon-14 dating by researchers such as Qiu Shihua and Cai Lianzhen has allowed for the accurate dating of Neolithic archaeological cultures in China, providing a framework for understanding prehistoric timelines [10][12]. - The 1977 publication by Xia Nai on carbon-14 dating and its application in Chinese archaeology solidified the method's importance in establishing absolute dates for various archaeological sites [10][12]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - Over the past decades, carbon-14 dating technology has evolved from gas and liquid methods to advanced accelerator techniques, enhancing precision and reliability [11][14]. - The application of modern technologies such as digital archaeology, ancient DNA studies, and isotopic analysis has expanded the scope of archaeological research, allowing for multi-dimensional studies of ancient societies [12][14]. - The integration of artificial intelligence and advanced imaging techniques has revolutionized data processing and analysis in archaeological studies, leading to deeper insights into historical contexts [12][15]. Group 3: Collaborative Efforts - The development of scientific archaeology in China is a collaborative effort involving various research institutions and universities, highlighting a collective advancement in the field [14][15]. - Institutions like Peking University and Jilin University have established specialized laboratories and research centers, contributing to the growth of carbon-14 dating and other archaeological methodologies [14][15]. - The establishment of multiple key laboratories and research centers across China reflects a comprehensive approach to archaeological research, encompassing a wide range of scientific disciplines [15].