专访中国银河证券首席经济学家章俊：新“新三样”领衔，构筑中国产业发展新基座

Core Insights - The new "new three samples" (robots, artificial intelligence, and innovative drugs) represent a shift in China's economic focus from factor expansion to innovation-driven growth, emphasizing the importance of technological path definition and standard-setting rights [1][2][10] - The transition reflects a systemic reassessment of growth paradigms and competitive logic, moving away from traditional resource input models towards a focus on technological breakthroughs and original innovation [2][3] Group 1: New "New Three Samples" - Robots, AI, and innovative drugs are not merely a change in industrial preference but are seen as foundational technologies for future industries, providing a sustainable technological base for broader industrial evolution [10][11] - The core constraints for these new samples are not capital and labor but rather algorithm capabilities, computing power, foundational models, and clinical data accumulation [2][3] Group 2: Robotics Industry - China has the most comprehensive and responsive robot industry chain globally, with significant advantages in scale production and product iteration speed [4][5] - The country is at a critical juncture, poised to transition from "running alongside" to "leading" in the robotics sector, contingent on overcoming foundational technology and high-end segment challenges [5] Group 3: Artificial Intelligence - China leads globally in AI application but faces limitations in foundational technologies; vast data resources provide a unique advantage but are not a panacea for all technical shortcomings [6] - To advance from a partial lead to a comprehensive one, China must enhance investments in high-end chips, computing systems, and foundational algorithms while improving data marketization and international standard-setting participation [6] Group 4: Innovative Drugs - The rapid increase in outbound transactions indicates that Chinese pharmaceutical companies are gaining recognition in global markets, yet the proportion of original drugs remains low, highlighting the need for breakthroughs in original innovation and global development capabilities [7][8] - The industry's evolution is marked by a shift from generic and modified drugs to first-in-class and best-in-class assets, with improvements in target selection and early clinical validation capabilities [7][8] Group 5: Strategic Implications - The development direction of the new "new three samples" signifies a significant upgrade in the concept of industrial security, integrating technology, biological, and data security into a unified framework [3] - The strategic importance of these technologies extends beyond immediate industrial growth, shaping long-term competitive capabilities and national security [3][10]