2025年全球能源统计手册（简版）-能研智库

Resource Reserves - The distribution of fossil energy resources is uneven, with the US, Russia, Australia, and China holding over 60% of global coal reserves. Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, and Canada account for 44.4% of global oil reserves, while Russia, Iran, and Qatar dominate natural gas reserves with over 50% [1] - In critical minerals for renewable energy, the Democratic Republic of the Congo monopolizes over 55% of global cobalt reserves, while Chile and Australia together hold over 58% of lithium reserves. China leads in rare earth reserves with a 48.3% share [1] Energy Consumption - Global primary energy consumption is projected to reach 636.25 exajoules in 2024, with China leading at 27.7%, followed by the US and India. Fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal) still dominate, accounting for over 80% of consumption, but renewable energy's share is increasing from 8.15% in 2023 to 8.94% in 2024 [1] - China leads in solar and wind energy consumption, each exceeding 38%, with the US as the second-largest consumer of renewable energy [1] Energy Production - The energy production landscape remains stable, with China, the US, India, and Russia as the main producers. The total global primary energy supply is expected to be 592.22 exajoules in 2024, with fossil fuels still predominant, although renewable energy production is growing rapidly [2] - Coal-fired power generation's share has decreased to 33.96%, but it remains the primary method of electricity generation, with China accounting for 33.32% of global electricity production [2] Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Global energy-related CO2 emissions are projected to reach 1.9066 billion tons in 2024, with China, the US, and India being the major emitters. The scale of CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage) is expanding, expected to reach 5.7824 million tons per year [2] Hydrogen and Energy Storage - Global hydrogen production capacity is steadily increasing, projected to reach 4.2766 million tons per year in 2024, with blue hydrogen accounting for 90.7% and green hydrogen for 9.3% [2] - The battery storage system for grid-level applications is expected to reach 126.14 million kilowatts in 2024, with China leading at 59.6% [2] Energy Prices - Energy prices are showing significant fluctuations, with coal, crude oil, and natural gas prices expected to decline compared to 2023. The prices of lithium carbonate have dropped significantly, while cobalt prices are steadily decreasing, contributing to lower battery costs and supporting the development of the renewable energy industry [3]