创新药2025：突破与阵痛 |《财经》特稿

Core Insights - The Chinese innovative drug sector is poised for significant growth, with the National Medical Insurance Administration announcing that new drugs approved in May 2025 will be reimbursed by January 2026, indicating a rapid support for innovative drugs [2][3] - The 2025 National Basic Medical Insurance Drug List includes 114 new drugs, with an 88.19% success rate in negotiations, highlighting the government's commitment to supporting innovative drug development [2][5] - The global market for innovative drugs is also expanding, with record-breaking business development transactions, such as the $11.4 billion deal between Innovent Biologics and Takeda, and a potential $12 billion collaboration between Hengrui Medicine and GSK [2] Group 1: Policy and Support - The Chinese government is providing comprehensive support for innovative drug development through policies that facilitate research, market entry, clinical application, and multi-tiered payment systems [3][10] - The 2026 implementation of the innovative drug directory reflects a careful selection process, with only 19 innovative drugs included, indicating strict criteria to meet various stakeholder needs [5][10] - The CAR-T therapy, a prominent innovative drug, has been included in the 2025 innovative drug directory, although its high cost remains a barrier for basic medical insurance coverage [5][6] Group 2: Market Dynamics - The commercial success of innovative drugs is heavily reliant on a mature payment system, which is crucial for ensuring accessibility to high-value therapies like CAR-T [7][10] - In the global CAR-T market, Gilead leads with significant sales, while Chinese companies like Legend Biotech are leveraging partnerships to expand their market presence [8][9] - The disparity in sales between innovative drugs in China and their global counterparts is evident, with the top-selling innovative drug in China generating only 44 million yuan, significantly lower than leading global products [9][12] Group 3: Financial Viability - Despite the growth in innovative drug approvals, many companies continue to face financial losses, underscoring the challenges of achieving profitability in the sector [11][25] - The investment landscape for innovative drugs has shifted, with a focus on sustainable growth and the need for companies to demonstrate potential for future profitability [27][30] - The success of companies like BeiGene, which has achieved significant market capitalization and revenue through strategic product development, highlights the importance of long-term investment strategies in the innovative drug space [19][23]