彰显中国自信！“数”看2025中国科技创新向极端条件迈进收获新突破

Core Insights - Extreme environments serve as a "touchstone" for technological innovation, enabling in-depth exploration of natural laws and the limits of life, thus driving scientific advancements and new technological breakthroughs [1] Group 1: Breakthroughs in Extreme Conditions - In February 2025, a comprehensive extreme conditions experimental facility was completed, capable of providing temperatures as low as 1 millikelvin, pressures exceeding 300 billion pascals, magnetic field strengths up to 26 teslas, and ultrafast light field pulse widths not exceeding 100 attoseconds, significantly enhancing China's capabilities in material science [2] - In September 2025, the world's largest supergravity centrifuge in Hangzhou was operational, achieving a maximum arm linear speed of 137 meters per second, generating 300 times Earth's gravity, and supporting a maximum load of 20 tons, simulating soil settlement over a century in a single day [4] - In 2025, China's first ice-capable manned deep-sea operation mother ship "Exploration No. 3" and the "Fighter" submersible successfully completed manned deep-sea missions in the Arctic, overcoming extreme conditions of -30°C and approximately 600 atmospheres [5][7] Group 2: Advances in Nuclear Fusion Research - The EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) achieved a world record of 100 million degrees Celsius and stable plasma operation for 1066 seconds in 2025, marking a significant leap from basic science to engineering practice in fusion energy research [8] - The EAST facility has conducted over 150,000 plasma operations since its inception in 2006, consistently setting new world records and maintaining international leadership in engineering and physics [15] - The construction of the next-generation fusion experimental device, BEST, is progressing, with plans to demonstrate fusion energy generation by 2030 [16][18] Group 3: Future Prospects in Extreme Condition Research - The establishment of advanced extreme condition experimental facilities is becoming a crucial paradigm in scientific research, aimed at discovering new materials, revealing new laws, and opening new applications [21] - China's focus on extreme conditions in deep-sea, high-altitude, and polar environments is expected to drive the development of multiple disciplines, exploring scientific questions related to material states, life behaviors, and cosmic evolution, thereby supporting innovations in new materials and energy sectors [23]