一年破产717家，创十五年新高，美国遭遇破产潮

Core Insights - The article highlights an unprecedented wave of bankruptcies in the U.S. business landscape, with 717 large companies filing for bankruptcy protection by November 2025, surpassing the previous year's 687 filings and marking the highest annual record since the aftermath of the 2010 financial crisis [1][2] Group 1: Bankruptcy Trends - The bankruptcy wave is characterized by its cross-industry spread, affecting various sectors including industrial, consumer, and healthcare, unlike the concentrated failures seen during the 2022 cryptocurrency winter [2][5] - Notable companies that filed for bankruptcy include Sonder, Spirit Airlines, Del Monte Foods, Claire's, and Omnicare, each with debts exceeding $1 billion [1][3] - The increase in bankruptcies is not limited to large corporations; small business bankruptcies rose nearly 10% year-over-year, and personal bankruptcy filings increased by 8% in November 2025 [4][5] Group 2: Contributing Factors - The surge in bankruptcies is attributed to multiple pressures, including a deteriorating borrowing environment due to the Federal Reserve's aggressive interest rate hikes, which raised the federal funds rate to over 5% [5][6] - Rising operational costs across all business sectors, driven by increased prices for raw materials, labor, logistics, and rent, have further strained companies [6] - The uncertainty in policy, particularly regarding tariffs and trade regulations, has created an unpredictable environment for businesses reliant on global supply chains [6] Group 3: Future Strategies - Companies are advised to prioritize cash flow management as a critical survival strategy in the high-interest, tight credit environment [7] - Building supply chain resilience through diversification and strategic inventory management is essential for companies to withstand future shocks [8] - Focusing on core business areas and investing in technology upgrades and efficiency improvements are crucial for companies to remain competitive in a challenging market [9][10]