做对俄外贸看这里：出口俄罗斯市场流程指南

Group 1 - A clear and compliant import process is essential for businesses planning to enter the Russian market, as it helps avoid risks and control costs while laying a solid foundation for long-term market development [1] - Successful imports begin with thorough preparation before the goods are dispatched, focusing on ensuring the completeness of qualifications, documents, and commercial arrangements [2] Group 2 - Confirm the product's eligibility for import into Russia, ensuring it meets licensing, certification, or special approval requirements, particularly for categories like food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, children's products, and medical devices [3] - A detailed import contract with suppliers should specify product specifications, quantities, prices, delivery timelines, payment methods, and dispute resolution mechanisms, serving as the foundation for all subsequent documentation [4] Group 3 - Core documents required include a commercial invoice detailing buyer and seller information, a packing list outlining contents of each package, a certificate of origin issued by relevant institutions, and transport documents based on the mode of transport [5][6][7][8] - All necessary qualification documents, such as licenses and EAC certificates, must be prepared in advance [9] Group 4 - Selecting the optimal transportation route is crucial, considering the nature of the goods, time sensitivity, and cost requirements, with options including sea freight, rail transport, road transport, and combined transport methods [11] - It is essential to insure goods during international transport to cover potential loss or damage risks, and ensure packaging meets long-distance transport and Russian climate conditions [13] Group 5 - Upon arrival at the Russian border, the customs clearance process begins, requiring the appointment of a local licensed customs broker to handle declarations efficiently [15] - Customs will calculate import duties and VAT based on the type, value, and origin of the goods, with importers required to pay these fees within the specified timeframe [16] Group 6 - Customs has the authority to inspect any declared goods to verify compliance with documentation and regulations, and cooperation is necessary during this process [17] - Once all documents are verified, taxes are paid, and inspections are cleared, customs will release the goods for circulation within Russia [18] Group 7 - "White customs clearance" refers to the legitimate process of declaring and paying all taxes, providing legal security and a legitimate status for goods, while "gray customs clearance" involves non-compliant methods that pose significant legal risks [19] - Companies are strongly advised to adhere to "white customs clearance," especially for high-value goods or long-term operations, as it serves as a crucial protective measure for investments [19] Group 8 - After customs clearance, logistics delivery must be arranged to transport goods from the customs area to the final destination [21] - All customs documents should be properly archived for future tax audits and regulatory compliance [22] - Compliance with local laws and industry regulations regarding the use, labeling, and promotion of goods is necessary once they enter the market [23]