央行发布支付机构分类评级新规 触碰这些红线直接评定为E类

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China has introduced a new classification and rating management method for non-bank payment institutions, effective from February 1, 2026, aimed at enhancing regulatory precision and promoting high-quality development in the industry [1][5]. Group 1: Classification and Rating System - The classification rating will occur annually, evaluating the previous year's performance, and will categorize payment institutions into five classes (A, B, C, D, E) with a total of 11 levels [1][5]. - The rating will be based on seven modules: corporate governance, business norms, reserve fund management, user rights protection, system security, anti-money laundering measures, and operational stability, with a total score out of 100 [3][5]. Group 2: Regulatory Implications - The classification results will guide the People's Bank of China in determining regulatory focus and resource allocation, allowing for differentiated supervision based on the ratings [5][6]. - Institutions rated as E will face immediate classification due to severe violations, such as failing to submit self-assessment reports or being involved in criminal activities [4][5]. Group 3: Impact on Industry Practices - The new regulations encourage payment institutions to proactively enhance compliance and risk management, shifting from reactive to proactive strategies [6][8]. - High-rated institutions may benefit from more flexible development opportunities, while low-rated ones will encounter increased compliance costs and operational pressures [7][8]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The ongoing implementation of the classification rating is expected to integrate compliance deeply into the operational processes of payment institutions, fostering improvements in governance, security, and service quality across the industry [8]. - The unified compliance standards will create a fairer competitive environment and reduce regulatory arbitrage, promoting a healthier market landscape [8].