2003年，美国关键技术在世界占比94％，中国仅5％，那么现在呢

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant technological advancements China has made since 2003, transitioning from a position of dependency on foreign technology to becoming a leader in various key sectors [2][14]. Investment and R&D - In 2003, the U.S. invested $292 billion in R&D compared to China's $15 billion, showcasing a stark contrast in funding [2]. - By 2010, China's R&D spending had increased to nearly $90 billion, with companies like Huawei investing over 10% of their revenue in R&D [7]. Technological Progress - China has made substantial progress in information technology, aerospace, and biotechnology, moving from reliance on imports to developing indigenous capabilities [5][11]. - In the 5G sector, Chinese companies like Huawei and ZTE now hold 40% of global patents and have established a presence in over 100 countries [9]. Education and Talent Development - The expansion of higher education in China has led to a rapid increase in STEM graduates, reaching over 4 million by 2019, which is eight times that of the U.S. [7]. - Policies encouraging the return of overseas talent have also contributed to technological advancements, exemplified by the successful development of the Beidou navigation system [7]. Key Sectors and Achievements - In the aerospace sector, China has established the Tiangong space station and successfully conducted lunar and Mars missions, previously dominated by the U.S. [11]. - The domestic production of medical devices has improved efficiency and accessibility, with the time for PET-CT scans reduced from 30 minutes to 1-3 minutes [11]. Global Positioning - As of December 2025, China leads in 66 out of 74 key technologies, a significant increase from 5% in 2003 [12]. - The shift from being a global manufacturing hub to a technology leader has enhanced China's international standing and reduced dependency on foreign supplies [14]. Future Outlook - Despite advancements, challenges remain, particularly in high-end semiconductor technology where the U.S. still holds an advantage [16]. - China's focus on self-reliance and internal circulation, along with active talent integration, positions it well for future technological leadership [19].