智能化是否挤出就业？面向“十五五”的就业促进重在破解结构矛盾

Core Viewpoint - The focus of employment promotion is shifting from "responding to shocks" to "organizing transitions," emphasizing the enhancement of human capabilities through technology rather than mere replacement [1] Group 1: Employment Promotion Strategies - The 14th Five-Year Plan emphasizes high-quality and sufficient employment as a key aspect of improving people's livelihoods [1] - Experts suggest that the core of employment promotion should involve improving efficiency while stabilizing job transitions, enhancing education and lifelong skill systems, and innovating governance tools [1][2] - The integration of artificial intelligence is seen as a means to increase overall productivity and free workers from repetitive tasks, allowing them to focus on optimization and innovation [1][2] Group 2: Impact of Intelligent Automation - Research indicates that from 2004 to 2022, intelligent automation in leading companies did not eliminate jobs but instead created new opportunities in operations, system integration, and data analysis [2] - A one standard deviation increase in manufacturing automation correlates with a 1% increase in manufacturing employment and an additional 0.064% in service sector job creation [2] Group 3: Human Resource Development - There is a need to address the mismatch between skills and job requirements, as well as to improve the recognition of engineering professions [3] - Recommendations include enhancing the integration of education and industry, improving job quality, and fostering a lifelong learning culture [3][4] - Experts stress the importance of aligning labor supply and demand, particularly in high-tech sectors, through policy guidance and technological innovation [3][4] Group 4: Intelligent Public Employment Services - The development of an intelligent public employment service system is crucial for improving job matching efficiency and quality through dynamic analysis of labor supply and demand [5] - Utilizing big data and AI can enhance job recommendations, skills assessments, and career guidance [5] - The transformation of "data capability" into "governance capability" is essential for effective employment services [5] Group 5: Policy Recommendations - Proposed measures include prioritizing employment in government performance assessments, enhancing lifelong vocational training systems, and improving support policies for key groups [6] - There is a call for strengthening labor rights protection and optimizing employment services to create a fair employment environment [6]