吃蛤蜊等于吃碎玻璃？那个让船只长生不老的材料，是如何回到人类餐桌的？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the environmental impact of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (GRP) boats, highlighting the pollution caused by abandoned vessels and the microplastics released during maintenance processes, which pose risks to marine life and human health [1][5][19]. Group 1: Historical Context and Material Properties - Fiberglass-reinforced plastic (GRP) emerged in the mid-20th century, consisting of fine glass fibers and resin, becoming popular in the shipbuilding industry due to its lightweight, strength, and corrosion resistance [3]. - In Brazil, the rise of recreational boating and fishing led to the launch of thousands of GRP boats, which were initially favored for their durability compared to wood and steel [5]. Group 2: Environmental Concerns - By the 21st century, many GRP boats reached retirement, but their disposal is costly and technically challenging, leading to many owners abandoning them in remote areas, resulting in numerous "zombie boats" in Guanabara Bay [6]. - Even operational boats contribute to pollution through maintenance processes, where anti-fouling paints containing heavy metals and biocides are used, leading to the release of harmful particles into the water [8][10]. Group 3: Impact on Marine Life - Research indicates that marine bivalves, such as oysters, ingest microplastics and fiberglass particles, with studies showing up to 11,220 glass fiber micro-particles per kilogram of oyster meat during peak maintenance seasons [12][14]. - The ingestion of these sharp fibers can cause severe inflammation in bivalves, leading to health issues and nutritional deficiencies due to a false sense of satiety from consuming indigestible materials [16][18]. Group 4: Human Health Implications - The presence of microplastics in seafood raises concerns for human consumers, as these particles may carry toxic substances like lead, copper, and phthalates, which can disrupt endocrine systems [19]. - The ongoing pollution from ship maintenance practices poses a growing threat, as particles are detected in various marine environments, indicating widespread contamination [21].