百利好丨2025年全球经济和货币政策回顾

Group 1 - Global economic growth is expected to moderate in 2025, with increasing uncertainty and significant divergence in forecasts from various institutions [2] - The OECD and IMF both predict a global growth rate of 3.2% for 2025, citing resilience but also accumulating risks [3] - The UN forecasts a lower growth rate of 2.4% for 2025, emphasizing the negative impact of trade conflicts and policy uncertainty [3] Group 2 - Developed economies are projected to grow at 1.8% in 2025, with the U.S. showing a higher probability of a "soft landing" [2] - The U.S. is expected to have a growth rate of 2.6%, driven by consumer spending and AI-related investments, while core PCE inflation is projected to decrease to 3.5% [4] - The Eurozone's growth rate is forecasted at 1.2%, with high borrowing costs and inflationary pressures limiting consumer and investment activity [4] Group 3 - Central banks in developed economies are shifting from accommodative to a more cautious stance, while emerging economies in the Asia-Pacific are primarily maintaining accommodative policies [5] - The Federal Reserve has ended its balance sheet reduction and is cautious about further rate cuts, while the European Central Bank has signaled the end of its easing cycle [6] - The Bank of Japan faces a dilemma between managing high inflation and supporting economic growth, with core inflation at 2.8% [6] Group 4 - Trade tensions and supply chain pressures are impacting inflation and consumer costs, with gold prices rising as a hedge against uncertainty [7] - Central banks are in a dilemma of controlling inflation while stimulating economic growth, contributing to the strength of the U.S. dollar [7] - The AI boom is supporting global demand and tech stock valuations, but also increasing the risk of asset bubbles and volatility in risk assets [7] Group 5 - The global economy is transitioning from strong recovery to moderate growth, with increasing divergence between developed and emerging markets [8] - Monetary policy in developed economies is becoming more restrictive, with a shift from broad easing to targeted adjustments [8] - Key risks include persistent core inflation, geopolitical conflicts, debt pressures, and fluctuations in the U.S. dollar, with a focus on policy shifts and sustainable economic recovery in 2026 [8]