市值蒸发超120亿！门店超8000家的茶百道，为何难获市场青睐？

Core Viewpoint - The new tea beverage market is entering a phase of elimination, with Cha Bai Dao, known as the "second stock of new tea drinks," facing significant challenges in growth compared to competitors like Mi Xue Bing Cheng and Gu Ming [1][3]. Financial Performance - In the first half of 2025, Cha Bai Dao achieved a revenue of 2.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 4.33%, and a net profit of 352.9 million yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 37.48% [1]. - In contrast, Gu Ming reported a revenue of 5.663 billion yuan with a growth rate of 41.24%, and a net profit of 1.625 billion yuan, showing a remarkable increase of 121.51% [3]. Market Position and Stock Performance - Cha Bai Dao's stock price closed at 6.44 HKD per share, with a total market value of 9.5 billion HKD, reflecting a significant decline from its historical high of 15.196 HKD per share, resulting in a market value loss exceeding 12 billion HKD [3]. Business Model and Expansion - Cha Bai Dao, founded in 2008, shifted to a franchise model in 2016, leading to rapid expansion, with the number of franchise stores increasing tenfold to 5,070 by 2021 [4]. - As of 2024, the total number of franchise stores reached 8,376, with a market share of 6.8% in China's ready-to-drink tea market, which was valued at 247.3 billion yuan in 2023 [4]. Supply Chain Challenges - Over 99% of Cha Bai Dao's stores are franchises, and the company has shifted its focus from selling tea to selling raw materials to franchisees, with raw material sales accounting for 94.78% of its revenue [5]. - The company faces significant supply chain issues, relying heavily on external suppliers for key ingredients, which has led to food safety concerns and operational challenges [5][6]. Competitive Landscape - Cha Bai Dao's main price range of 10-20 yuan is highly competitive, facing pressure from brands like Mi Xue Bing Cheng and Gu Ming, resulting in a high franchisee attrition rate of 16.61% and a closure rate of 10.62% in 2024 [6]. Supply Chain Improvements - In response to supply chain issues, Cha Bai Dao has slowed its store expansion, adding only 49 new stores in the first half of 2025, compared to previous years [7]. - The company has increased its logistics capabilities, with 93.8% of stores achieving next-day delivery and improving its fruit supply chain efficiency [7][8]. International Expansion - Cha Bai Dao is exploring international markets, having opened over 10 stores in South Korea, aiming to tap into the growing Southeast Asian ready-to-drink tea market, which is projected to grow from 32.9 billion yuan in 2023 to 78.3 billion yuan by 2028 [10]. Future Outlook - Despite current challenges, there is optimism that improvements in supply chain capabilities will enable Cha Bai Dao to achieve greater success in the future [11].