1000家企业“围攻”白宫：要求退还千亿美元关税，最高法院本周或定生死

Core Viewpoint - A significant legal battle is unfolding in Washington as over 1,000 companies have filed lawsuits against President Trump's controversial tariff policy, seeking refunds for substantial taxes paid in recent months [1][2]. Group 1: Legal Developments - The wave of lawsuits began after the Supreme Court expressed skepticism about Trump's trade policies during a hearing on November 5, leading many companies to join the legal fight [1][3]. - As of January 6, at least 914 lawsuits have been filed, with most submitted after the November hearing, indicating a surge in legal actions from companies previously hesitant to act [3]. - The Supreme Court's upcoming decision will not only impact billions of dollars in cash flow for thousands of importers but will also define the legal boundaries of U.S. trade policy [2]. Group 2: Industry Participation - The coalition of companies opposing Trump's tariff policy spans a wide range of industries, including major retail and manufacturing firms such as Costco, EssilorLuxottica, and Goodyear [3][4]. - Analysis of 327 plaintiff companies shows participation from various sectors, including sports brands, beauty giants, and food companies, highlighting the extensive impact of the tariffs on global supply chains [4]. - Approximately 25% of the companies involved have foreign parent companies, underscoring the global implications of the Supreme Court's ruling [4]. Group 3: Refund Process and Legal Implications - The core issue of the legal battle revolves around whether Trump overstepped his authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose global tariffs [5]. - If the Supreme Court upholds lower court rulings declaring the tariffs illegal, the U.S. International Trade Court will likely handle the refund process [5][6]. - The government has assured the trade court that it will not use customs procedures to obstruct the recalculation of tariffs and payment of refunds [6]. Group 4: Financial Impact on Companies - For many companies, litigation is not just a legal strategy but a necessity for survival, as seen in the case of Ibis Cycles, which paid $800,000 in tariffs [7]. - The financial burden of tariffs has forced some businesses, like B. Stuyvesant Champagne LLC, to raise prices and reduce hiring due to unexpected costs [7]. - Historical precedents indicate that large-scale refunds are possible, as demonstrated by a 1998 Supreme Court ruling that led to a refund process involving $750 million [7].