2026年，黄金还能涨吗？谁吃到了最大红利？

Core Viewpoint - In 2025, gold emerged as the best-performing mainstream asset, with a price increase of nearly 60% within the year and 138% over two years, outperforming major indices and real estate returns in first-tier cities [1][2][4]. Group 1: Reasons for Gold Price Surge - Major driver: China reduced its holdings of U.S. Treasury bonds, initiating a "gold-Treasury bond" swap strategy, with a significant reduction in U.S. debt holdings from $1.3 trillion in 2013 to below $700 billion by 2025 [9][10]. - Fundamental support: The weakening of U.S. dollar credit, with the national debt exceeding $38 trillion and concerns over debt repayment capabilities, led to gold being viewed as a safe haven [15][17]. - Direct drivers: Increased geopolitical risks and persistent inflation pressures contributed to heightened demand for gold as a hedge against currency devaluation [20][22]. - Additional support: Anticipated interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve in 2026 are expected to further boost gold prices, as lower rates reduce the opportunity cost of holding non-yielding assets like gold [24]. Group 2: Impact on the Gold Industry Chain - The upstream gold mining sector benefited the most from rising gold prices, with companies like Zijin Mining and Shandong Gold reporting significant profit increases due to fixed production costs [26][27]. - The midstream refining and processing sector experienced limited benefits, facing cost pressures from rising raw material prices, with profit margins remaining relatively low [30][33]. - The downstream jewelry retail sector faced challenges, as high gold prices suppressed decorative purchases while increasing procurement costs, leading to overall performance declines for many retailers [34][38].