猪价持续“磨底” 企业借期货工具破周期之困

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese pig market faced significant challenges in 2025, characterized by a prolonged downturn in prices, deepening losses for pig farming enterprises, and a shift towards proactive risk management strategies in response to ongoing supply-demand imbalances and regulatory pressures [1][2][3]. Group 1: Market Conditions - In 2025, the average price of lean pigs was 13.80 yuan/kg, with prices dropping significantly, reaching as low as 11 yuan/kg in October, marking a period of deep losses for the industry [2][4]. - The overall pig output in 2025 was projected at 747 million heads, a year-on-year increase of 6.4%, with pork production exceeding 60 million tons for the first time [3]. - The average PSY (pigs weaned per sow per year) increased from 21 in 2024 to 26 in 2025, enhancing the supply capacity and exacerbating the supply pressure [3]. Group 2: Financial Performance - Leading company Muyuan Foods sold 77.981 million pigs in 2025, an increase of 6.379 million from 2024, but its total sales revenue fell to 132.811 billion yuan, a decrease of approximately 3.4 billion yuan from the previous year due to lower sales prices [4]. - By December 2025, self-breeding and external purchasing models faced significant losses, with average losses of 62 yuan per head for self-breeding and 210 yuan per head for purchased piglets [2]. Group 3: Risk Management Strategies - Companies are increasingly adopting proactive risk management strategies, including forming specialized futures teams and implementing detailed hedging operations to mitigate the impacts of price volatility [1][5]. - Futures hedging has become a critical component of business operations, allowing companies to lock in profits and stabilize earnings despite low market prices [6][8]. - The participation of over 3,000 industry clients in pig futures trading indicates a growing trend towards using futures as a risk management tool, with 24 out of 32 major pig enterprises engaging in futures transactions [7][8].