民用航空法系列解读之适航篇

Core Viewpoint - The revised Civil Aviation Law systematically reshapes the airworthiness management system, enhancing safety and sustainability in the aviation industry by aligning with international standards [2]. Group 1: Airworthiness Management Framework - The law clarifies airworthiness management requirements, establishing a comprehensive framework covering the entire lifecycle of civil aviation products, including design, production, maintenance, and usage [3]. - It specifies that the administrative licensing applies not only to civil aviation products but also to their components and related institutions [3]. Group 2: Design Institution Management - A new design institution license is introduced, mandating design organizations to establish design assurance systems to ensure compliance with airworthiness requirements [4]. - This aims to enhance the capabilities of design institutions and improve the efficiency of airworthiness certification processes [4]. Group 3: Rights and Responsibilities - Institutions with design licenses can issue conformity certificates for minor design changes, while the requirement for airworthiness approval labels is removed [5]. - Licensed design and production institutions can provide technical inspection services, promoting self-regulation in airworthiness compliance [5]. Group 4: Nationality Registration Management - The law clarifies that aircraft used for firefighting and rescue missions are not classified as civil aviation aircraft [6]. - It outlines the conditions under which nationality registration is required, ensuring that only aircraft with airworthiness certificates can operate [6]. Group 5: Regulatory Balance - The law introduces risk-based regulatory approaches, allowing for differentiated management of various aviation products and activities [7]. - A "special flight certificate" system is established for flight activities of aircraft that have not yet obtained airworthiness certificates, balancing safety and innovation [7]. Group 6: Promotion of Aviation Manufacturing - The law supports the development of the civil aviation manufacturing industry, aiming to provide safe, advanced, and economical aviation products [9]. - It emphasizes the need to enhance the airworthiness certification organization system and standards to improve certification capabilities [9]. Group 7: Administrative Penalties - The law establishes a comprehensive penalty system for violations in the airworthiness certification field, with fines ranging from 500,000 to 2 million yuan for unauthorized activities [10]. - It includes penalties for serious accidents due to quality issues, reinforcing legal responsibilities and regulatory tools to ensure aviation safety [10].