评论员观察｜坚持内需主导，熨平消费三道“褶”

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that understanding and addressing the "wrinkles" in consumer demand is crucial for expanding economic growth in China, highlighting the need for a systematic approach to unlock potential opportunities [1][11]. Group 1: Economic Context - China's manufacturing value-added accounts for nearly 30% of the global total, with a variety of consumer goods reaching 230 million types, yet final consumption has not matched this production capacity [3]. - In the first three quarters of 2025, final consumption expenditure contributed 53.5% to economic growth, which, while improved, still lags behind the over 60% contribution rate seen in developed countries [3]. - The central economic work conference identified the prominent contradiction of "strong supply but weak demand," making the promotion of domestic demand a top priority for economic work [3]. Group 2: Consumer Demand and Income - The first wrinkle in consumption is related to "expected income," as despite per capita GDP reaching $13,000, consumer spending has not increased proportionately [6]. - In 2024, RMB deposits increased by 17.99 trillion yuan, and by 24.73 trillion yuan in the first 11 months of 2025, indicating a rising tendency for residents to save rather than spend [6]. - The need to enhance human capital investment is urgent, as the proportion of skilled workers in China is only 30%, compared to 40% in Japan and 50% in Germany, highlighting a significant gap in advanced manufacturing and strategic emerging industries [6]. Group 3: Supply and Demand Dynamics - The second wrinkle in consumption is the "supply-demand contradiction," illustrated by the rapid sell-out of a high-quality down jacket priced at 499 yuan, indicating that demand exists but quality supply must keep pace with consumption upgrades [8]. - The service consumption sector is growing rapidly, yet issues such as inconsistent quality and lack of standardization remain prevalent, particularly in elder care and childcare services [8]. Group 4: Environmental Constraints - The third wrinkle is "environmental constraints," where systemic issues such as cumbersome processes deter consumer spending, as seen in ticket purchasing and vehicle registration [9]. - Recent measures to remove unreasonable restrictions in consumption, such as easing purchase limits in the automotive and housing sectors, aim to enhance consumer confidence and convenience [9]. - Creating a vibrant consumption ecosystem, as demonstrated by the success of local markets that blend cultural elements with shopping experiences, can significantly boost consumer willingness to spend [9].