美国大失所望！委内瑞拉“有问题”的石油，只有中国能安稳开采！

Core Viewpoint - Venezuela's oil resources, despite being abundant, face significant challenges that make them less attractive for exploitation, particularly for the U.S., while China has developed the necessary technology to effectively harness these resources [1][3][36]. Group 1: Challenges of Venezuelan Oil - Venezuela's oil is classified as "heavy sour oil," which presents numerous extraction difficulties due to its high viscosity and low flowability, making it akin to asphalt [5][10]. - The extraction process requires specialized technology and significant upfront investment, leading to higher operational costs and safety risks compared to conventional light oil [5][7]. - The aging infrastructure in Venezuela, compounded by economic turmoil and technological sanctions, necessitates billions in investment for upgrades before large-scale extraction can commence [8][10]. Group 2: Technical Barriers - The extraction, transportation, and refining processes of heavy sour oil are interlinked, creating a complex technical barrier that must be overcome for effective resource utilization [10][17]. - Current extraction methods, such as thermal recovery, require advanced technologies to manage the unique properties of heavy oil, including steam injection and various supporting technologies [12][14]. - Transportation of heavy oil is complicated by its density and viscosity, necessitating the use of diluents, which Venezuela lacks the capacity to produce domestically [15][14]. Group 3: China's Technological Advantage - China has developed a comprehensive technology system for heavy oil extraction and refining, positioning itself as one of the few countries capable of managing these resources effectively [19][21]. - Innovations in extraction techniques, such as targeted deposition and directional removal, have significantly improved extraction rates and reduced costs [21][23]. - China's hydrogen production capacity, projected to exceed 36.5 million tons in 2024, supports the refining process, ensuring a stable supply for heavy oil processing [25][23]. Group 4: Cooperation Opportunities - The current global oil market is characterized by oversupply and low prices, making U.S. investment in Venezuelan oil less appealing due to high initial costs and long payback periods [27][29]. - Collaborating with China allows Venezuela to leverage advanced technology to revitalize its oil sector, addressing economic stagnation and infrastructure challenges [29][31]. - China's approach to energy cooperation emphasizes mutual benefit and does not impose political conditions, making it a more attractive partner for Venezuela compared to the U.S. [31][36].