中国为何对美韩太阳能多晶硅征税五年？背后有何深意？

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Commerce's decision to continue anti-dumping duties on U.S. and South Korean polysilicon is a significant move that sets the development path for China's photovoltaic industry over the next five years, reflecting complex industry dynamics and strategic considerations [1][3]. Industry Dynamics - The anti-dumping duties, which have been in place for twelve years, were initially introduced in response to U.S. and South Korean companies capturing nearly half of the Chinese market with prices 20 to 32 USD per kilogram below market rates, severely impacting domestic companies [1][3]. - Currently, China's self-sufficiency in polysilicon has exceeded 80%, while the import share from the U.S. and South Korea has dropped to less than 4% [3]. Strategic Implications - The core purpose of the recent decision is to prevent the resurgence of dumping behavior during a critical adjustment period in the industry, as global polysilicon production capacity is significantly oversupplied [3][5]. - This policy is not merely a trade protection measure; it aims to create a stable environment for technological iteration and R&D investments in advanced domestic capacities [3][5]. Market Environment - The stable market conditions allow leading companies to focus on technological breakthroughs, such as lower energy consumption in granular silicon technology, while eliminating market noise from less competitive players [3][5]. - The supply security of polysilicon, as a crucial raw material for photovoltaic cells, is essential for the entire industry chain, emphasizing the importance of self-sufficiency [3][5]. Future Outlook - The continuation of these tariffs acts as a "safety lock" on the established industrial chain advantages, preventing external low-priced products from disrupting the market during sensitive periods of capacity clearance and technological advancement [5][7]. - This policy is expected to accelerate the capacity clearance process and increase industry concentration, with resources shifting towards technologically advanced leading companies [7]. - The global competitive landscape for China's photovoltaic industry will transition from scale advantages to technology leadership, prompting international partners to reassess their cooperation models with China [7].