美国拟实施载人绕月飞行任务

Core Points - NASA plans to implement the "Artemis 2" crewed lunar flyby mission no earlier than February 6, marking the first crewed mission for the new generation lunar rocket "Space Launch System" and the "Orion" spacecraft [1] - The 322-foot (approximately 98 meters) rocket will send four astronauts beyond Earth's orbit for the first deep space test of the "Orion" spacecraft in crewed mode, representing a significant milestone since the Apollo era, with the last human moon landing occurring in 1972 [2] - The four astronauts include NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Koch, along with Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen, making this the first lunar flyby mission to carry a Canadian astronaut and the first crewed spaceflight mission to send a woman into near-Earth orbit [2] Mission Details - The mission will last approximately 10 days, during which the astronauts will conduct tests on various systems and hardware of the "Orion" spacecraft in preparation for humanity's return to the lunar surface [2] - NASA will transport the "Space Launch System" and "Orion" spacecraft to the launch pad at Kennedy Space Center in Florida for final integration, testing, and launch preparations, with a propellant loading rehearsal scheduled for the end of January [2] - After launch, astronauts are expected to spend about two days in near-Earth space checking the "Orion" spacecraft's systems before igniting the European-built service module to head towards the Moon [3] Flight Path and Return - The spacecraft will perform a four-day flyby of the Moon's far side, following a figure-eight trajectory, reaching a maximum distance from Earth of over 230,000 miles (approximately 370,000 kilometers) [3] - Unlike traditional return methods, the "Orion" spacecraft will utilize a more fuel-efficient "free return trajectory," leveraging the gravitational pull of Earth and the Moon for its return journey, which will conclude with a high-speed re-entry into Earth's atmosphere and landing in the Pacific Ocean [3]