特朗普话音刚落，中方发布5号公告：对美国商品加税，实施期限5年

Core Viewpoint - The recent announcement by the U.S. to impose a 25% additional tariff on countries trading with Iran is seen as a strategic move targeting China, leveraging sanctions against Iran to pressure China on trade and geopolitical issues [1][3]. Group 1: U.S. Tariff Announcement - The U.S. intends to impose a 25% additional tariff on all countries engaging in business with Iran, effective immediately and unchangeable [1]. - This move is perceived as a tactic to indirectly target China, which has been Iran's largest trading partner for a decade, with trade volumes approaching $60 billion [3]. Group 2: China's Response - In response to the U.S. tariff threat, China's Ministry of Commerce issued Announcement No. 5, continuing anti-dumping duties on solar-grade polysilicon from the U.S. and South Korea for an extended period of five years starting January 14, 2026 [5][6]. - The anti-dumping tax rates for U.S. companies range from 53.3% to 57%, while South Korean companies face rates between 4.4% and 113.8% [7]. Group 3: Historical Context of China's Measures - China's anti-dumping measures are not a reaction to the recent U.S. threats but are based on over a decade of compliance and regulatory monitoring, with the first announcement made in January 2014 [11]. - The decision to extend these measures was based on a thorough investigation that concluded the termination of anti-dumping duties would likely lead to renewed low-price dumping by U.S. and South Korean companies, harming China's domestic polysilicon industry [13]. Group 4: Importance of Polysilicon in the Solar Industry - Polysilicon is crucial for the photovoltaic industry, serving as the primary material for manufacturing silicon wafers and solar cells [17]. - China dominates the global photovoltaic supply chain, holding 98% of silicon wafer production, 85% of solar cell production, and 80% of module production, making it a key player in the transition to carbon neutrality [19]. Group 5: Impact of U.S. and South Korean Practices - Historically, U.S. and South Korean companies have used their technological advantages to engage in price dumping, significantly impacting China's polysilicon market, which saw a reduction from 43 domestic companies to just 8 due to competitive pressures [23]. - The U.S. has also imposed additional tariffs on Chinese products under the guise of national security, creating a multi-layered blockade against China [26]. Group 6: Current Market Dynamics - In 2024, China's polysilicon exports surged by 300%, while imports fell significantly, indicating a shift in market dynamics where U.S. and South Korean products now hold a negligible market share in China [32]. - The continuation of anti-dumping duties serves to mitigate risks and protect China's domestic industry from potential future dumping practices [33]. Group 7: Broader Implications - The contrasting approaches of the U.S. and China highlight a significant difference in trade strategies, with the U.S. relying on unilateral tariffs and China adhering to established legal frameworks [35][39]. - The U.S. has shown signs of softening its stance post-announcement, recognizing the interdependence of markets, particularly in sectors like semiconductors and agriculture [41][43]. Group 8: Future Outlook - The continuation of anti-dumping duties by China not only safeguards its polysilicon industry but also reshapes the global photovoltaic supply chain, potentially forcing U.S. and South Korean companies to redirect their exports to regions less affected by these tariffs [47]. - The competition in the photovoltaic sector is expected to shift from price wars to technology battles, with both U.S. and Chinese companies needing to innovate to maintain their market positions [54][56].