方正证券：A股与美股ROE长期对比分析与启示

Group 1 - The core conclusion of the report is that there is a relative misalignment in ROE levels between A-shares and US stocks, with US stocks at historical highs and A-shares recovering from a bottom [2][12] - The primary reasons for the ROE misalignment are the divergence in net profit margins and asset turnover rates between A-shares and US stocks [2][17] Group 2 - Net profit margin is identified as the most critical factor influencing the strong ROE in US stocks, with A-shares experiencing a gradual decline in net profit margins [3][20] - A-shares' net profit margin decreased from 5.8% to 3.9%, a change rate of -32.2%, while US stocks' net profit margin increased from 7.3% to 8.6%, a change rate of +17.7% [20][22] - The asset turnover rate for A-shares has also declined significantly, from 87% to 60%, while US stocks' turnover rate remained relatively stable [20][43] Group 3 - The leverage ratio for US stocks is significantly higher than that of A-shares, with US stocks maintaining a stable leverage ratio around 460% [5][56] - A-shares' leverage ratio is expected to rise slowly but will remain significantly lower than that of US stocks due to different corporate financing strategies [59][60] Group 4 - The report emphasizes that the long-term trend of A-shares' ROE will improve, driven by the "14th Five-Year Plan" which aims for high-quality development and increased corporate profitability [6][62] - The focus on technological innovation and the establishment of a unified national market are expected to enhance the profitability of A-share companies, leading to a systematic improvement in ROE [62][64]