雷少华：美国对华制裁为何无效？创新体制差异是根本原因

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rapid technological advancements in China, particularly in AI and semiconductor industries, despite U.S. sanctions, highlighting the resilience and growth of China's technology sector and its implications for global competition [1][16]. Group 1: Technology and Industry Interaction - Technology and industry are deeply intertwined, with technological innovation driving industrial transformation and vice versa, creating a symbiotic relationship that accelerates global capitalism [2][3]. - The "spillover effect" of technology redefines industrial production functions, leading to comprehensive upgrades across industries and enabling latecomer countries to catch up and even surpass established players [3][6]. Group 2: China's Industrial System Development - By 2023, China's manufacturing output accounted for 35% of the global total, with projections indicating it could reach 45% by 2030, surpassing the combined outputs of the U.S., Japan, and Germany [17][18]. - China has established a complete industrial system, being the only country with all industrial categories recognized by the United Nations, which positions it as a manufacturing powerhouse [17][19]. Group 3: U.S.-China Technology Competition - U.S. technology sanctions have inadvertently accelerated China's self-reliance in semiconductor development, as evidenced by significant investments in domestic chip manufacturing and related technologies [8][9]. - The U.S. strategy of technology control is based on the belief that restricting technology transfer can hinder China's innovation, yet this approach has proven ineffective as China continues to innovate and develop independently [15][16]. Group 4: Future Directions - The article predicts that by 2025, China will enter a new phase of "strong industry leading new technology," focusing on AI as a core driver of economic transformation and industrial innovation [29][30]. - China's government initiatives, such as the "Artificial Intelligence+" plan, aim to integrate AI with various sectors, enhancing productivity and creating new economic paradigms [29][30].