“十五五”能源强国专家谈 | 吕建中：以改革创新魄力推进能源强国建设

Core Viewpoint - The construction of an energy power must adapt to the new changes and requirements brought by the cultivation of new productive forces, emphasizing the importance of open cooperation and international competition in achieving energy security and global competitiveness [1] Group 1: Reform and Opening Up - Reform and opening up are crucial for advancing the construction of an energy power, with significant production capacity increases since 1978, where primary energy production rose from 628 million tons of standard coal to 4.98 billion tons in 2024, a growth of approximately 6.9 times, with an average annual growth rate of about 4.5% [2] - The energy self-sufficiency rate has reached 84%, laying a solid material foundation for the construction of a strong nation [2] - Key reforms in the oil and gas industry, such as the "1 million tons of crude oil production quota" and the separation of power generation and grid management in the electricity sector, have effectively released market vitality [2] Group 2: Innovation as a Driving Force - Innovation is identified as the driving force for building an energy power, emphasizing the need for technological, industrial, and institutional innovations to resolve multiple contradictions in energy supply and demand [3] - Future competitiveness in the energy sector will increasingly depend on innovation capabilities, with a focus on clean and efficient use of fossil energy, large-scale development of renewable energy, and safety in nuclear energy [3] - Increased R&D investment is necessary to tackle critical technological challenges and promote digital and intelligent management models [3] Group 3: International Engagement - Balancing "bringing in" and "going out" is an effective way to enhance international competitiveness, with a focus on expanding high-level openness and absorbing global advanced technologies [4] - The export of new energy products, including photovoltaic, wind turbines, and lithium batteries, has become a significant driver of foreign trade growth, with exports of these "new three items" exceeding 1 trillion yuan in 2024, a 2.6 times increase compared to 2020 [4] - Central enterprises have invested in approximately 360 wind and photovoltaic projects across nearly 50 countries, showcasing China's technological strength and responsibility [4] Group 4: Global Energy Governance - Deep participation in global energy governance is essential for enhancing international discourse power, with a need for a fair and balanced global energy governance system [5] - As the largest energy producer and consumer, China should actively participate in the formulation of international energy rules and advocate for multilateral cooperation [5] - Strengthening international cooperation in energy transition and clean energy can contribute to global climate governance and promote a new energy governance framework that benefits all [5]