一年减少339万人！我国去年仅出生792万人，已不足10年前的一半

Core Insights - The birth rate in China has dropped below 8 million for the first time, with 7.92 million newborns in 2025, indicating a significant demographic shift [1][4] - The total population decreased by 3.39 million, falling to 1.40489 billion, highlighting a trend of negative population growth [4][5] Population Dynamics - The total population remains higher than that of all developed countries combined, but the negative growth trend is becoming evident [4] - In 2025, there were 792,000 births and 1.131 million deaths, resulting in a net loss of 3.39 million people, equivalent to the population of a medium-sized city [4][5] Age Structure Changes - The dual pressures of declining birth rates and an aging population are evident, with the population aged 60 and above exceeding 320 million, and those aged 65 and above surpassing 220 million, marking a transition to a moderately aging society [5][6] - The working-age population (ages 16-59) stands at 850 million, but the number of women of childbearing age (20-44 years) has decreased by nearly 50 million over the past decade, directly impacting potential birth rates [6] Quality of Population - Despite the declining birth rate, there are positive aspects such as an increase in educational attainment, with an average of 11.3 years of education for the working-age population and a life expectancy of 79 years [9] - The total number of R&D personnel exceeds 10.79 million, indicating a shift from a "population quantity dividend" to a "talent quality dividend," which supports high-quality economic development [9] Societal Pressures - The decline in birth rates is attributed to three main pressures faced by young families: economic pressure, time pressure, and workplace pressure [11][13][15] - Economic pressure arises from the rising costs of child-rearing, with 75.1% of families citing financial burdens as a primary reason for not having more children [11] - Time pressure is exacerbated by a lack of childcare options, leading to 51.3% of families abandoning plans for more children due to inadequate childcare services [13] - Workplace pressure includes discrimination against women in the workforce, with 34.3% of female employees experiencing wage reductions after childbirth, creating a dilemma between career and motherhood [15] Changing Attitudes - Attitudes towards marriage and childbirth are evolving, with younger generations prioritizing personal development and quality of life, leading to trends such as late marriage and fewer children [17] - The uncertainty in employment post-pandemic has further discouraged young people from starting families [17] Policy Recommendations - Addressing the declining birth rate requires comprehensive solutions, including financial incentives for families, improved childcare services, and protections for women's employment rights [19][21] - Policies such as increasing birth subsidies, reducing education costs, and enhancing public childcare services are essential to encourage higher birth rates [19][21] - Promoting positive marriage and childbirth attitudes, alongside addressing the challenges of an aging population, is crucial for sustainable demographic development [21][23]