为破解喀斯特地貌地下水污染治理难题，调研团队来广西百色找答案

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and potential solutions for groundwater pollution management in Baise, Guangxi, particularly in karst topography areas, emphasizing the need for tailored legal frameworks and community engagement to address unique environmental conditions [1][7]. Group 1: Environmental Challenges - Baise is characterized by karst topography, with about one-third of the city covered by karst areas, leading to unique groundwater pollution issues from mining and agricultural runoff [2]. - The existing water pollution prevention laws are primarily designed for flat geological conditions, making them ineffective in karst regions where pollutants can rapidly infiltrate through natural conduits [2][3]. - The complexity of groundwater movement in karst areas complicates pollution source tracing, making it difficult to assign legal responsibility for contamination [5]. Group 2: Legal and Institutional Barriers - Only 14.2% of surveyed villagers are aware of relevant environmental laws, indicating a significant gap in legal knowledge and enforcement at the community level [3]. - Local governments face financial and technical constraints in implementing effective pollution control measures, with the cost of high-standard infrastructure in karst areas being several times higher than in flat regions [4]. - The enforcement of environmental laws is often lenient towards major local enterprises due to their economic contributions, leading to a situation where compliance costs are high and penalties for violations are low [4]. Group 3: Community Engagement and Cultural Factors - Traditional practices and local regulations can play a role in pollution control, as seen in a village where community rules effectively reduced illegal discharges by 62% [3]. - There is a need to integrate local cultural values and community norms into formal legal frameworks to enhance compliance and environmental stewardship [7]. Group 4: Proposed Solutions - The article suggests developing localized legal frameworks that account for the geological characteristics of karst areas, including stricter pollution control measures and tailored monitoring standards [7]. - It advocates for a "proportional responsibility" approach to pollution accountability, allowing for shared liability among polluters based on their contribution to contamination [8]. - Establishing a funding mechanism for pollution remediation, including a historical pollution fund sourced from land sales and environmental taxes, is recommended to address legacy pollution issues [8].