中国的稀土地位悬了？撬走中方人才，攻克提炼技术，但是西方笑得太早了

Core Viewpoint - Lynas's production of dysprosium represents a small breakthrough for the West in the rare earth sector, but it does not change the fundamental global supply chain dynamics dominated by China [35][37]. Group 1: Lynas's Developments - Lynas has made significant progress by achieving commercial production of dysprosium at its Malaysian plant by May 2025, which has been reported by Western media as a step towards reducing dependence on China [1]. - The production of dysprosium is only one part of the entire rare earth industry chain, which includes mining, ore processing, separation, smelting, and downstream applications [3][8]. - Despite the achievement in dysprosium production, Lynas still relies on China for subsequent processing stages, which are crucial for high-end applications like electric vehicles and wind power [5][8]. Group 2: China's Dominance in Rare Earths - China controls over 90% of rare earth refining capacity and more than 70% of high-performance neodymium-iron-boron magnet production, making it difficult for Lynas to escape reliance on Chinese capabilities [8][18]. - The core technologies in China's rare earth industry have been developed over decades, making them difficult to replicate, even with the hiring of Chinese experts by Lynas [10][12]. - China's complete industrial chain, from mining to processing and application, gives it a significant competitive advantage that cannot be easily matched by other countries [18][26]. Group 3: Policy and Regulatory Environment - China has implemented clear policy measures to strengthen its position in the rare earth sector, including new export restrictions set to take effect by 2025 [28][31]. - The "0.1% rule" requires that any foreign product containing more than 0.1% of Chinese rare earths must undergo approval for export, further tightening control over the supply chain [28][31]. - These policies are not merely protective but are aimed at rationally managing strategic resources, making it challenging for Western companies to fully escape dependence on China [33].