人形机器人：为何灵巧手是迈不过去的门槛？

Group 1 - The importance of dexterous hands in humanoid robots is emphasized, as they are crucial for performing tasks that require fine motor skills, making them more competitive compared to wheeled or legged robots [1][2] - The current advancements in humanoid robots have focused on body joint movements, but the complexity of hand movements remains a significant challenge [1][2] - Dexterous hands are considered the most critical part of humanoid robots, as their functionality directly impacts the robot's overall capabilities [2] Group 2 - The bottlenecks in developing dexterous hands are identified as hardware integration and multimodal perception fusion, as well as software challenges related to algorithm architecture and data accumulation [5][9] - Hardware challenges include the need for high spatial integration and the requirement for numerous sensors, particularly tactile sensors, to achieve the necessary perception capabilities [7][8] - Software challenges involve the ongoing evolution of algorithms and the need for large datasets to train models effectively, which is currently a significant limitation for humanoid robots [10][13] Group 3 - The hardware components of dexterous hands include actuators, tactile sensors, and the integration of these elements, with Tesla's Optimus being a leading example of current technology [18][26] - Various actuator technologies are being explored, including motor-driven systems and tendon-based mechanisms, each with its own advantages and challenges [19][27] - The materials used for tendons are critical, with a focus on developing flexible yet durable options to enhance performance and longevity [28][29] Group 4 - The industry is witnessing a variety of companies focusing on the development of dexterous hands, indicating a growing market for this technology [35] - Companies are exploring different actuator and sensor technologies, with many not yet publicly listed, suggesting potential investment opportunities in the hardware sector [36][41] - The commercialization of dexterous hands is expected to initially target specific applications, such as in controlled environments or non-cost-sensitive sectors, before broader adoption occurs [44][49]