欧盟宣布永久冻结俄罗斯资产，还保留使用权利！乌克兰危机进入第四年，欧盟的援助资金即将见底

Group 1 - The European Union (EU) has announced the permanent freezing of €210 billion of Russian assets, which is equivalent to the annual GDP of a small country, and retains the right to use these funds as leverage in negotiations [1] - Since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022, Western countries have frozen approximately $300 billion of Russian overseas assets, with €210 billion located within the EU, primarily held in the European Clearing Bank in Brussels, generating about €3 billion in annual interest [1][3] - The EU's previous asset freezing measures required a vote every six months from all 27 member states, but the new "indefinite freeze" eliminates this requirement, allowing for a more streamlined decision-making process [3] Group 2 - Legal experts warn that the direct seizure of central bank assets may violate international law, and the European Central Bank president has cautioned that such actions could damage the credibility of the euro as a global reserve currency [5] - The EU had initially planned to use the frozen assets as collateral to provide loans to Ukraine, but ultimately decided to guarantee a €90 billion interest-free loan to Ukraine through the EU budget instead [5] - The EU is currently the largest financial supporter of Ukraine, which faces a significant funding gap, needing approximately $135 billion to maintain operations from 2026 to 2027 [5] Group 3 - The European Clearing Bank is facing over 100 legal lawsuits from Russia and holds approximately €16 billion in client assets within Russia, which may become targets for Russian countermeasures [8] - Various proposals have been discussed within the EU regarding the use of Russian assets, including issuing bonds backed by these assets to fund aid for Ukraine, but there is significant internal disagreement among member states [8] - The EU has already transferred €14 billion in earnings from the frozen Russian assets to Ukraine from January to September 2025, utilizing only the interest generated and not touching the principal amount [8] Group 4 - The EU's decision to permanently freeze Russian assets may influence the confidence of other countries' central banks in holding euro-denominated assets, as emerging economies begin to adjust their foreign exchange reserve structures [9] - There are concerns within the EU about the long-term implications of this precedent, as it may expose EU assets abroad to similar risks if other countries decide to follow suit [9] - Poland and the Baltic states are among the most supportive of a hardline stance against Russia, advocating for the direct use of frozen assets to aid Ukraine while believing that legal risks can be managed [9] Group 5 - Some members of the European Parliament have questioned the expansion of the EU Commission's powers, suggesting that such significant decisions should undergo more thorough discussion, while the Commission argues that current circumstances justify necessary measures under Article 122 of the EU Treaty [10]