如何更好激发民间投资？财政部答上证报记者

Core Viewpoint - The core focus of the recent policies is to stimulate private investment, aiming to help enterprises reduce financing costs and enhance profitability through a comprehensive set of measures [4][5]. Group 1: Policies Supporting Private Investment - A package of policies has been introduced, including a special guarantee plan for private investment, optimized financial subsidies for equipment updates, and loan interest subsidies for small and micro enterprises [5][6]. - The policies are designed to lower financing costs and reduce barriers for private enterprises, addressing the issues of expensive and difficult financing [6][7]. - The new special guarantee plan increases the maximum guarantee amount for individual enterprises from 10 million to 20 million yuan, with the government's risk-sharing ratio rising from 20% to 40%, allowing for a maximum government guarantee of 8 million yuan on a 20 million yuan loan [6][7]. Group 2: Fiscal Policy Direction for 2026 - The fiscal policy for 2026 will focus on increasing total expenditure, optimizing expenditure structure, improving efficiency, and enhancing economic vitality [8][9]. - The total fiscal deficit, debt scale, and expenditure will be maintained at necessary levels, ensuring that overall expenditure increases and key areas are prioritized [8]. - The government aims to optimize the expenditure structure by reducing ineffective spending and directing more funds towards consumption, human investment, and social welfare [8][9]. Group 3: Market System and Export Tax Adjustments - The Ministry of Finance has announced the cancellation of export tax rebates for certain products, including photovoltaic and phosphorous chemical products, starting from April 1, 2026, to promote efficient resource use and reduce environmental pollution [11]. - This adjustment is part of a broader strategy to guide reasonable industrial structure adjustments and promote high-quality economic development [11]. - The Ministry will focus on deepening fiscal and tax reforms, standardizing fiscal subsidies, and optimizing government procurement to support the construction of a unified and competitive market system [11].