德国经济研究所：美国政策不确定性令德美经贸关系承压

Group 1 - The report from the German Economic Institute indicates that the economic relationship between Germany and the United States has significantly deteriorated since President Trump took office in January 2025, primarily due to policy uncertainty affecting German investments and exports to the U.S. [1] - From February to November 2025, German direct investment in the U.S. amounted to €10.2 billion, a sharp decline from nearly €19 billion during the same period the previous year, representing a year-on-year decrease of approximately 45% [1]. - The long-term data from 2015 to 2024 shows that German companies' investment levels in the U.S. last year were over 24% lower than the average [1]. Group 2 - German exports to the U.S. have also weakened significantly, with a year-on-year decline of about 9% from February to October 2025 [1]. - Specific sectors have been notably affected, with automotive and parts exports down nearly 19%, machinery exports decreasing by about 10%, and chemical product exports dropping by over 10% [1]. - The economist Samina Sultan from the German Economic Institute stated that rising uncertainty has a clear suppressive effect on investment and trade, undermining corporate confidence and the transatlantic economic relationship, which in turn diminishes the attractiveness and long-term competitiveness of the U.S. as an investment destination [1]. Group 3 - According to a report from the Kiel Institute for the World Economy, the additional costs from U.S. tariffs are primarily borne by American importers and consumers rather than foreign exporters [2]. - The study, based on over 25 million U.S. import shipping data amounting to approximately $4 trillion, reveals that U.S. tariff revenues increased by about $200 billion in 2025, with foreign exporters only shouldering about 4% of the tariff burden [2]. - The research suggests that the actual effect of U.S. tariff policy resembles a consumption tax on imported goods, with costs absorbed domestically, ultimately harming the U.S. economy [2].