以前我们总是会问“美国人做了吗”，现在我们开始走自己的路

Core Viewpoint - The discussion emphasizes the importance of institutional innovation in empowering new productive forces in China, particularly in emerging industries like low-altitude economy, chips, artificial intelligence, and large aircraft. It highlights the need for a better alignment between institutional design and the development of new productive forces [1]. Group 1: Institutional Innovation and Its Value - Institutional innovation can either "unbind" or "navigate" the innovation process, with a focus on how it can accelerate and stabilize innovation [2]. - The low-altitude economy in China is hindered by insufficient policy openness, particularly in airspace management, which has seen recent reforms to clarify flight zones [4][5]. - In the field of basic research, the current institutional design often pressures researchers to focus on existing topics rather than fostering original "0 to 1" innovations [7][8]. Group 2: Pain Points in Institutional Design - Major institutional pain points include the need for more flexible regulations that allow for creative exploration and a more equitable distribution of research resources [9][10]. - The current talent evaluation system in research institutions often prioritizes publication quantity over genuine innovation, which can stifle creativity [10][11]. - The disconnect between research institutions and industry leads to challenges in the commercialization of research outcomes, as many projects do not translate into marketable products [11][12]. Group 3: Balancing Exploration and Risk Control - The discussion highlights the necessity of balancing the encouragement of exploration with risk control, particularly in engineering projects where risks must be managed carefully [17][20]. - The importance of having a structured process for evaluating new ideas and ensuring that they are feasible before significant resources are committed is emphasized [21][22]. Group 4: International Comparisons and Lessons - The need for a clearer understanding of the roles of science, technology, design, and engineering is crucial for effective policy-making and project success [15][16]. - The comparison with international practices reveals that China's industry collaboration is often limited, which hinders collective advancements in sectors like semiconductor technology [28][29]. - The potential for adopting collaborative models similar to those in Japan and the U.S. is discussed, emphasizing the need for shared investment in research and development [28][29].