若供应中断，各国关键矿产储备能撑多久？

Group 1 - The global supply of critical minerals is highly concentrated in a few countries, making supply chains vulnerable to geopolitical shocks [1][2] - Most countries' strategic reserves are limited, with only a few able to sustain key industries for months during significant supply disruptions [1][2] - Japan and South Korea have established structured reserve systems, with Japan's reserves capable of covering several months of demand for cobalt and nickel, while South Korea has reserves for about two months [1][2] Group 2 - The vulnerability of the U.S. and Europe is greater than commonly perceived, with U.S. strategic reserves primarily serving defense needs and only supporting a few weeks of supply during disruptions [2] - Europe has just begun discussions on coordinated reserve establishment under the Critical Raw Materials Act, leaving industries at risk in the short term [2] - Australia is building strategic reserves based on domestically mined minerals, focusing on rare earths, antimony, and gallium to enhance resilience and support allies [2] Group 3 - The effectiveness of reserves depends on alignment with actual demand, trade flows, substitution possibilities, and price dynamics, indicating that a seemingly sufficient reserve may deplete quickly if not prioritized correctly [3] - Critical minerals are increasingly viewed as strategic assets, with their value shaped by resilience and geopolitical factors rather than just cost curves and demand growth [3]