张斌：货币政策发力，激活内需新动能

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Central Economic Work Conference prioritizes expanding domestic demand, emphasizing the need to "build a strong domestic market" for 2026 [2] Group 1: Characteristics of the New Domestic Demand Strategy - The national emphasis on expanding domestic demand has significantly increased, with counter-cyclical policies placing greater focus on this area [2] - Policy responses to economic data have become more sensitive, as seen in the dynamic adjustments throughout 2025, where proactive fiscal policies were implemented in response to economic pressures [2] - Fiscal policy operations have become more refined, with specific measures like including elevator upgrades in the support for equipment renewal in the livelihood sector [3] Group 2: Monetary Policy Actions - Confidence must be strengthened through clear policy positions to stabilize expectations and calibrate price signals, enhancing the transmission effect of monetary policy [4] - The central bank should set clear and singular policy goals, such as a 2% core CPI inflation target, to avoid conflicting objectives and ensure market confidence [4] - Total policy tools, particularly policy interest rates, are crucial for expanding domestic demand, with current rates at approximately 1.4% indicating room for further reductions [4] Group 3: Economic Recovery Indicators - The macroeconomic landscape in 2025 shows early signs of recovery, with improvements in stock markets, RMB exchange rates, and corporate profitability, although the recovery foundation remains fragile [5] - The average mortgage rate from 2018 to 2021 was 5.5%, with a 4.1% annual increase in second-hand housing prices, resulting in a near purchase cost of 1.4%, which is lower than the average rental yield of 2.2% [5] - From 2022 to 2025, the average mortgage rate decreased to 3.9%, but the annual growth rate of second-hand housing prices fell to -4.8%, leading to an increased purchase cost of 8.7%, making buying less advantageous compared to renting [6]