诺贝尔经济学奖得主警告，欧洲别让中国赢科技竞赛，技术已被甩在身后

Core Viewpoint - Europe is perceived to be lagging behind in the technology race against the US and China, with experts warning that without urgent action, Europe risks losing its competitive edge in innovation [1][3]. Group 1: Current Situation - The European semiconductor industry is heavily reliant on US technology, with companies like ASML facing potential operational halts if US cooperation ceases [3]. - In contrast, China has accelerated its innovation in semiconductors and AI despite US restrictions, while Europe struggles with fragmented technology and lacks major internet giants [3][5]. - The belief in Europe's institutional advantages has not translated into technological success, leading to a lack of significant innovation and market presence [3][5]. Group 2: Innovation Challenges - The concept of "inclusive growth" proposed by economist Philippe Aghion emphasizes that innovation should benefit the majority, but internal divisions among EU member states hinder collaborative efforts [9][11]. - The EU's research funding is often inefficiently allocated, resulting in a lack of support for emerging companies and stifling innovation [11][13]. - The slow progress in 5G deployment exemplifies Europe's struggle with technological independence and timely decision-making [11][13]. Group 3: Global Context - The US has enacted the CHIPS and Science Act to bolster its semiconductor industry while restricting exports to China, which may backfire by limiting its own market opportunities [13][15]. - China's rapid advancement in technology is attributed to a strong talent pipeline and collaboration between academia and industry, contrasting with Europe's talent drain to the US and Canada [15][17]. - Data from 2023 indicates that out of the top 20 global tech companies, only two are from Europe, highlighting the continent's diminished presence in key sectors like semiconductors and digital payments [15][17]. Group 4: Institutional Issues - Europe's reliance on a decentralized approach to innovation has led to inefficiencies, with significant government investments failing to yield competitive results [17][19]. - Aghion suggests that Europe should learn from China's centralized strategies to enhance efficiency and innovation outcomes [17][19]. - The historical analogy of the Ming Dynasty serves as a cautionary tale for Europe, emphasizing the need for timely action to avoid being left behind in the global technology race [19].