波黑外债依然高企，欧洲投资银行为最大单一债权人

Core Viewpoint - Bosnia and Herzegovina's total external debt has slightly decreased from its peak of 9.73745 billion marks in 2021, but remains high at 9.23 billion marks in Q4 2024, indicating ongoing economic pressure from debt levels [1] Debt Overview - The total external debt has fluctuated over the past five years, increasing from 8.14 billion marks in 2019, with a rebound in 2024 compared to 8.92 billion marks in 2023 [1] - The external debt distribution shows that the Republic of Srpska holds approximately 4 billion marks, while the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has about 5 billion marks, and the Brčko District and national institutions account for around 93.4 million marks [1] Sources of Debt - The majority of the debt is owed to international financial institutions and bilateral creditors, with the European Investment Bank being the largest creditor at 2.54 billion marks, followed by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (1.4 billion marks) and the International Development Association (955 million marks) [1] - In terms of bilateral debt, Bosnia and Herzegovina owes Japan 132.16 million marks and the German Development Bank 99.39 million marks, along with debts to Spain, Poland, and Serbia [1] Economic Impact - Although the external debt has decreased from its peak, the current debt levels continue to exert long-term pressure on the economy [1]