欧盟审计机构：欧盟关键原材料进口多元化努力迄今未见成效

Core Insights - The European Court of Auditors (ECA) stated that the EU's efforts to diversify imports of critical metals and minerals necessary for reducing external dependencies and achieving technological, defense, and energy transitions have "not yet yielded substantial results" [1] Group 1: Legislative Framework - The Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), passed in 2024, aims to enhance domestic supply capabilities for 34 strategic materials, including lithium, antimony, tungsten, copper, and rare earth elements, which are widely used in manufacturing semiconductors, wind turbines, and munitions [1] Group 2: Targets and Challenges - The CRMA sets non-binding targets for 2030, including mining 10% of the required minerals, increasing recycling capacity to 15%, and processing 40% of the annual demand for each strategic raw material [2] - The ECA report indicates a pessimistic outlook, noting that for 26 materials needed for energy transition, 7 have recycling rates of only 1% to 5%, and 10 have not been recycled at all, attributing this to a lack of specific incentives [2] - The report warns that the EU's goal of achieving a 40% self-sufficiency in processing is regressing, with some processing plants closing due to high energy costs, severely undermining industrial competitiveness [2] Group 3: International Partnerships - The strategic partnerships established by the EU with third countries for critical raw materials have not shown effective results, with half of the reviewed imports from these partner countries declining between 2020 and 2024 [2] Group 4: Future Initiatives - To accelerate the implementation of the CRMA, the European Commission proposed a new plan called "RESourceEU" by December 2025, although many details remain unimplemented or unpublished. This plan includes export restrictions on rare earth waste and an investment of €3 billion (approximately $3.55 billion) to expedite the approval and construction of several strategic materials projects [2]