从超4%到1%：俄罗斯经济增速下降，普京表态

Economic Growth and Inflation - Russia's GDP growth for 2025 is projected at 1%, a slowdown from 4.1% in 2023 and 4.3% in 2024, primarily due to measures aimed at reducing inflation [2] - The inflation rate in Russia has decreased to 5.6% in 2025, down from 9.5% in 2024, with a year-to-date annualized inflation rate of 6.4% as of January 26 [3] - The Central Bank of Russia has adjusted the benchmark interest rate, which peaked at 21% in the first half of 2025 and was reduced to 18% in the second half, maintaining a "moderately tight" stance to prevent inflation rebound [3] Factors Contributing to Economic Decline - The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict has shifted financial resources towards military spending, limiting investments in production and technology [4] - Long-term impacts of Western sanctions have led to technological blockades, hindering industrial upgrades and weakening the industrial base [4] - High borrowing costs, reduced demand, and increased military expenditures have tightened fiscal conditions, contributing to economic slowdown [5] Sectoral Performance - Key sectors such as transportation, construction, and certain extraction industries, particularly coal, oil, and gas, have underperformed due to the Central Bank's interest rate hikes [5] - Investment growth in Russia has stagnated, with fixed asset investment projected to show zero growth by the end of 2025, marking the end of rapid growth driven by state spending and import substitution [5] Future Economic Outlook - The geopolitical uncertainty poses significant challenges for Russia's economy, with energy exports constrained and international oil prices declining [6] - The government plans to increase the value-added tax rate from 20% to 22% starting in 2026, which is expected to impact consumer prices and inflation [6] - Experts suggest that the continuation of the Russia-Ukraine conflict will likely lead to sustained economic decline unless significant changes occur [7]