美国“战略金库”：想60天建应急储备，结果发现连冶炼炉都没有！

Core Viewpoint - The Trump administration's plan to establish a strategic mineral reserve using the Defense Production Act faces significant challenges, including the inability to create a complete supply chain, lack of domestic production capacity and technology, and the entrenched global supply chain dominated by China [1][15]. Group 1: Implementation Challenges - The plan relies on the Defense Production Act to compel companies to prioritize government mineral orders, which allows for the accumulation of emergency stockpiles of critical minerals like rare earths, lithium, and cobalt [3][5]. - While the U.S. can stockpile raw materials, it lacks the processing capabilities to convert these into high-purity industrial products necessary for advanced manufacturing [4][15]. Group 2: Domestic Industry Limitations - The U.S. has significant rare earth reserves but lacks the processing infrastructure, with only one production line for light rare earth carbonate and no capacity for high-purity rare earth oxides [5][6]. - The domestic production of neodymium-iron-boron magnets is insufficient, with a projected demand of 16,000 tons by 2025 but only 5,000 tons of domestic capacity available [7][8]. Group 3: Global Supply Chain Dynamics - The U.S. attempts to form a G7 alliance to address mineral supply issues, but allied countries like Australia and Japan have their own limitations, such as lack of processing capabilities or raw material resources [9][10][12]. - China maintains a dominant position in the global mineral supply chain, controlling over 90% of rare earth refining capacity and a significant share of lithium, cobalt, and nickel processing [14]. Group 4: Strategic Implications - The strategic mineral reserve plan is seen as a short-term solution to a deeper issue of supply chain hollowing out, with the core problems of processing capacity and technological lag remaining unaddressed [15][16]. - Without addressing the realities of global supply chain division of labor, the plan risks becoming a mere inventory accumulation effort without substantial impact on U.S. industrial development or reducing reliance on China [16].