卫网君：中国商业航天瓶颈不在复用火箭，而在"兼容性"缺失；马斯克"空天地一体"生态如何重构AI算力版图；太空光伏技术路线全解析

Core Insights - SpaceX has submitted a groundbreaking application to the FCC to launch an "Orbital Data Center System" consisting of up to 1 million satellites, which would be 100 times the current number of satellites in orbit, marking a significant advancement in space infrastructure [3] - The proposed satellite constellation will operate at altitudes between 500 to 2000 kilometers, utilizing a mixed scheme of 30-degree inclination and sun-synchronous orbits to maximize solar energy efficiency [3] - Unlike Starlink, this system is not intended for direct ground communication but is speculated to serve as an AI computing infrastructure, leveraging inter-satellite laser links to create a space-based network powered by solar energy [3] - SpaceX aims to address concerns about space debris by implementing a "design for demise" standard, ensuring that satellites burn up upon failure, with ground casualty risks below 0.01% [3] - If approved, this initiative could usher in a new era of "space as computing power," providing energy and computational support for large-scale AI models and Tesla's Optimus robot network [3] Industry Overview - The space computing industry is transitioning from concept to engineering practice, with SpaceX leveraging its Starlink communication network and Starship launch capabilities to create an integrated "space-earth intelligent internet" [17] - The industry ecosystem includes satellite manufacturing, laser communication, on-orbit computing, and ground gateways, with key players such as SpaceX, Amazon Kuiper, and Telesat [17] - The supply chain involves critical technologies such as spacecraft platforms, efficient energy systems, inter-satellite links, and thermal management in space [17] Technological Developments - SpaceX's plan highlights the potential of space photovoltaics as a solution to energy supply challenges, with advancements in solar technology expected to evolve from gallium arsenide to HJT and ultimately to perovskite tandem cells [20] - Current space power systems primarily use three-junction gallium arsenide, which has high efficiency but is costly; HJT cells are anticipated to dominate low Earth orbit satellites and space data centers from 2026 to 2030 due to their lower cost and strong radiation resistance [20] - The cost of space photovoltaic power supply could be reduced by 22 times compared to ground data centers, making it a promising area for SpaceX's supply chain [20] Competitive Landscape - The competitive landscape includes various players with distinct technological focuses, such as SpaceX's Starlink V3, Google's radiation-resistant TPU chips, and Blue Origin's TeraWave multi-track network [12] - Amazon's Kuiper project faces significant challenges, including a lack of autonomous launch capacity, leading to a reliance on SpaceX for satellite deployment [30] - Blue Origin has shifted its focus from suborbital tourism to lunar exploration, indicating a strategic pivot in response to competitive pressures from SpaceX [33]